How can a rice and wheat thresher meet the threshing needs of different crops like rice and wheat?
Publish Time: 2025-12-30
In agricultural production, although rice and wheat are both major grain crops of the Poaceae family, their plant structure, grain characteristics, and harvest conditions differ significantly: rice grains are encased in a tough husk, have a high moisture content, and are very tough; while wheat grains are exposed, brittle, and easily broken. Using a thresher with fixed parameters to process both often results in one being insufficiently threshed or producing too many broken grains. A rice and wheat thresher must be designed with high adaptability and adjustability to truly achieve "multi-purpose, high-efficiency, and low-loss" performance.
1. Adjustable Drum Structure: Matching Different Threshing Intensities
The core of threshing lies in the impact, kneading, and combing action of the drum on the crop. To address the strong fibers and high force required for rice threshing, threshers typically employ spiked-tooth or textured-spiked-tooth composite drums, allowing users to increase speed for enhanced threshing efficiency. Conversely, for the delicate and easily broken nature of wheat grains, lower speeds or textured-tooth drums can be used, reducing damage through gentle friction. Some high-end models even feature quick-change drum modules, enabling structural switching within minutes to precisely adapt to different crop types.
2. Dynamic Adjustment of Threshing Gap and Concave Plate Configuration
The gap between the drum and the concave plate directly determines the force applied to the crop. Rice threshing requires a smaller gap to ensure sufficient compression and hulling, while wheat requires a slightly larger gap to avoid excessive crushing. Modern rice and wheat threshers generally feature manual or electric adjustment mechanisms, allowing operators to quickly adjust the gap size according to the crop type. Furthermore, the shape of the concave plate sieve holes is also differentiated: rice concave plates often use oblong or grid-like holes to facilitate hull separation; wheat concave plates use round or fish-scale holes, balancing threshing and preliminary cleaning to improve overall efficiency.
3. Intelligent Speed Control and Load Feedback System
Advanced models incorporate variable frequency motors and sensor technology to achieve intelligent control of drum speed. When the feed rate increases or the crop moisture content is high, the system automatically increases power to maintain a stable speed; while when processing dried wheat, it automatically reduces the speed to prevent grain breakage. Some equipment is also equipped with a load monitoring function; once an abnormal increase in current is detected, it immediately reduces speed or alarms, protecting the machine and ensuring threshing quality. This "sensor-response" mechanism allows the same equipment to dynamically adapt to the physical characteristics of different crops.
4. Multifunctional Cleaning and Air Separation System Collaborative Optimization
The cleaning process after threshing also requires differentiated treatment. Rice threshing results in a large amount of husks and short stalks, requiring strong airflow and multi-stage screening; wheat impurities are mainly dust and broken straw, and excessive airflow can blow away light, plump grains. Therefore, rice and wheat threshers are often equipped with adjustable dampers, multi-speed fans, and combined screens. Users can switch cleaning modes according to the crop, ensuring high grain cleanliness while minimizing losses.
To facilitate farmers' quick switching between operating modes, the equipment has been optimized for human-machine interaction, including one-button selection of "rice/wheat" mode, parameter memory function, and visual adjustment scale. Furthermore, the feed inlet height and conveyor belt angle are adjustable to adapt to the differences in material form resulting from different harvesting methods (manual cutting and baling vs. combine harvesting).
In summary, the rice and wheat thresher, through collaborative innovation in five dimensions—adjustable rollers, dynamic gaps, intelligent control, flexible cleaning, and convenient operation—successfully resolves the contradiction of "rice requires force, wheat is sensitive to force." It is no longer a rigid machine, but an intelligent agricultural device with "crop recognition" and "adaptive operating condition" capabilities, truly achieving the goals of high efficiency, low loss, and multi-functionality, providing small farmers and small to medium-sized farms with an economical and practical cross-crop solution.
